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James Adger was born in Moneynick, Co. Antrim. As the president of the Hibernian Society in Charleston, South Carolina, he was active in providing funds for famine relief in Ireland. However, he was also a slave trader. Gloria Ramsey Lucas in her extensive work Slave records of Edgefield County, South Carolina (2010) uncovered lists of the sale of enslaved people. On 5 Feb. 1850, Adger & Co. purchased the following enslaved people from John Bauskett, all of whom are named and some of whom are in family groups. John Bauskett (1794-1867) 'had considerable land holdings in Edgefield County, including a 3,400 acre plantation on the Savannah River and Stevens Creek.'  Slave records of Edgefield County, South Carolina, Gloria Ramsey Lucas (2010) (available on ancestry.com).     Sources 1850 US Federal Census, Charleston Neck, Charleston, South Carolina (www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8Q6-47R). 1850 Slave Schedule, Charleston, South Carolina (www.familysearch.org/search/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWH-W93Z). Memorial (www.findagrave.com/memorial/20844740/james-adger) Ramsey Lucas, Gloria, Slave records of Edgefield County, South Carolina 1774-1866 (2010) (available on ancestry.com). Strum, Harvey, South Carolina and Irish Famine relief 1846-47, in The South Carolina Historical Magazine (2002) 103:2, pp 130-152. James Adger married Sarah Elizabeth Ellison in South Carolina in 1806.
Their children were: Margaret Milligan Adger (1807-1884) Susan Dunlap Adger (1808-1884) John Bailey Adger (1810-1889) James Adger 111 (1812-1882) Robert Adger 11 (1814-1891) William Adger (1816-1853) Sarah Elizabeth Adger (1820-1835) Jane Ann Adger (1822-1899) Joseph Ellison Adger (1824-1898)
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 The Southern Enterprise 14 Jan 1858 According to his U.S. application for citizenship in Newberry County, South Carolina, 16 April 1844, James Fleck was born in County Antrim, Ireland. His certificate of citizenship was issued on 19 Oct. 1847. In 1850 he owned Real Estate valued at $1,200 and was a painter. He lived in Newberry town with a woman named Jane Fleck another Mary Fleck, also born in Ireland and another, Margaret Fleck who was born in South Carolina. In the same year he enslaved two human beings a woman aged 25 and a man aged 18.
By 1860, Fleck/Fleek, lived in Greenville and had Real Estate to the value of $1,600 and Personal Estate of $4,000. His household comprised Martha and Mary, born in Ireland and Margaret born in South Carolina. He enslaved one woman aged 40. With thanks to James Fitzgerald. Sources (all records accessed 27 May 2022) Abstracts of Newberry District Citizenship Petitions 1807 -1890 genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/citizenship_petitions1807-1890.htm 1850 US Slave Schedule, Newberry, Newberry County, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWZ-3WW2 1850 US Federal Census, Newberry, Newberry County, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QV-NDB 1860 US Federal Census, Greenville, Newberry County www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QV-NDB 1860 US Slave Schedule www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTN-KRN2  South Carolina Gazette 15 July 1783 John Berwick, his brother Simon and sister Elizabeth were all slaveholders. Sources Pennsylvania Evening Post, 30 May 1783. South Carolina Gazette, 27 Sept 1770. With thanks to John G M Sharp.  Royal Land Grant 1772, South Carolina Land Grants, Volume 37, p. 310. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS7S-1BZ3?cat=473372)     This newspaper account from the Yorkville Enquirer, 2 Aug 1860, gives further information about William McKenna of Donegal & Lancaster County, South Carolina. He is described as having been married three times. His first wife is named as Cloe Fuller, married about 1803. His second wife was Anna Cousart. Ellen Quigley was his third wife and was still living at the time of his death in 1859. Further information about William McKenna and the people he enslaved here www.enslavement-to-citizenship.com/african-americans-in-irish-slaveholder-records-blog/families-enslaved-by-william-mckenna-lancaster-county-south-carolina-auction-catalogue-1861 Notes Further research needs to be undertaken to ascertain if Anna Cousart, being the only child of James & Elizabeth Cowsar, had a dowry of enslaved people upon her marriage. My thanks to Catoe4 who posted this newspaper account here www.findagrave.com/memorial/162904266/william-mckenna     Image 131 of Federal Writers' Project: Slave Narrative Project, Vol. 14, South Carolina, Part 1, Abrams-Durant Adeline Cabean, born about 1844 in Fairfield County, South Carolina was the daughter of Charity, an enslaved woman and Richard Cabean (b. 1813), an Irish overseer. Adeline married John Clowney Brown, born 1855, in the 1870s, and in 1880 was recorded in the U.S. Federal Census as the mother of four children: Jane L Brown born 1872, Willie born 1876, Robert born 1877 and John born 1879. In 1900, Adeline & John Brown were still living in Blackstock Town which straddles Fairfield County and Chester County. Their children were recorded as Louisa C born 1873, Lee born 1880, a son Merriam born 1881, George born 1885, Annie born 1888, Sallie B born 1893, Wylie born 1895 and a daughter Willie F born 1896. Adeline is recorded as the mother of 14 children of whom only eight are living. Next door to them in 1900, William Brown (1867), his wife Manda, daughters Hattie & Fannie M and sons Anner, Johnnie & Lawrence were living. Other near neighbours included the Young, Lewis, Strong, Reed, Mobley and Dunbar (who were Irish-born) families. By 1910, John and Adeline had only one child living at home, their son Wylie and a woman named Louisa Coleman identified as John's stepdaughter. Louisa Coleman appears to be the same woman as Louisa C born 1873 recorded as their daughter in 1900. The families of Henry L Brown and Eyerabim Brown, living nearby would need to be researched to see if they are the children of John and Adeline. In 1920, John and Adeline's daughter Willie had returned to live at home with their son?? Hayman recorded as born in 1907. In this Census, Adeline's father's place of birth is finally recorded as Ireland. Adeline ia also recorded as eleven years older than her husband which ties in with his statement to Dixon of the Federal Writers Project. In 1930, John and Adeline were living together in the same place but Adeline's name is recorded as Emmaline. The Census of 1940 recorded John C Brown as a widower living with his daughter Annie and his son-in-law Charley Coleman (b. 1885) who was also the informant at John's death in 1946. The families of Charlie, Jim and Blake Curbeam are their nearest neighbours. This is another research avenue as when Wylie Brown died in 1938, his mother Adeline was recorded not as Adeline Cabean but Adline Curbeans. Adeline Cabean and her mother Charity were formerly enslaved by the family of Robert Cheyne Clowney (1838-1885) who was born in Co. Down, Ireland and died in Fairfield County. Robert was the son of John Clowney (1791-1848). Sources Federal Writers Project John C Brown www.loc.gov/resource/mesn.141/?sp=130 1850 U.S. Federal Census Richard Cabean www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QN-CBV 1870 U.S. Federal Census Robert Clowney www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8RJ-DHG 1880 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6S8-6RQ 1900 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M3RR-XMP 1910 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XMB9-NT8 1920 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6Z6-6DR 1930 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:SPC4-N7T 1940 U.S. Federal Census www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K4DS-TVN Death Certificate 1946 John Clowney Brown www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FPMX-3JP Death Certificate 1938 Wylie Brown www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:N9JH-2G8  The Fairfield news and herald 20 May 1885  O'Neal was probably born in Ireland about 1790. In 1850 he owned Real Estate to the value of $400. He enslaved four men, aged 18-37 and one young woman aged 17. His wife Catherine was also born in Ireland about 1801. His children Mary (1835), Sarah (1839), Samuel (1842), Hannah (1845) and John Wilson (1847) were all born in South Carolina. In 1860, O'Neal's Real Estate was worth $1,500 and his Personal Estate, $6,900. He enslaved 12 people. O'Neal's place of birth was variously recorded as Ireland (1850) and South Carolina (1860). More research will hopefully clarify. Sources 1850 U.S. Federal Census, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QF-DMQ 1850 Slave Schedule, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWC-9CMM 1860 U.S. Federal Census, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZTF-XHL?from=lynx1UIV8&treeref=LVF1-R4L1860 Slave Schedule, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTX-KSMM  The New Era 23 Aug1865 Thomas Joseph Flinn was born in Dublin, Ireland about 1798 and died in South Carolina in 1865. In 1850, he enslaved eighteen human beings: nine men and boys ranging in age from 1-55 and nine women ranging in age from 3-50. He was a physician and his Real Estate was valued at $6,750.
His wife Eliza Zimmerman was born in South Carolina about 1801. His son Henry (born abut 1826 in SC) was also a physician and his daughter Ellen was born about 1839 also in SC. By 1860, Flinn's Personal Estate had increased in value to $45,627. He enslaved thirty-four human beings who are listed not in family groups but by gender only in 1860. In the same year, Flinn's son Henry Kirk White Flinn (1826-1872) enslaved sixty-seven men, women and children also in Darlington County. Sources 1850 US Federal Census, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QN-SS9 1850 Slave Schedule, Darlington, South Carolina (trans. Flina) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWC-S4ZM 1860 US Federal Census, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZTF-HSC 1860 Slave Schedule Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTF-4BZM 1860 Slave Schedule, Darlington, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTX-5GMM Memorial https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/65949890/thomas-joseph-flinn  The Anderson Intelligencer 18 April 1872 Roland Keenan was born in County Antrim, Ireland about 1794. In 1850, he enslaved ten human beings in Barnwell County: eight men ranging in age from 15-36 and two girls aged sixteen and thirteen. He owned Real Estate to the value of $2,500. His wife Ann was also born in Ireland about 1810 but his son Warren was born in South Carolina in 1836. In 1860, Keenan's Real Estate was valued at $5000 and his Personal Estate at $10,000. He enslaved ten human beings in 1860. Keenan died in 1872 and is buried in Columbia, Richland. Sources 1850 U.S. Federal Census, Barnwell, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QD-9TG 1850 Slave Schedule, Barnwell, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWH-ZDMM 1860 U.S. Federal Census, Columbia, Richland https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZTN-WBW 1860 Slave Schedule, Columbia, Richland, South Carolina https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTV-99ZM BillionGraves Index https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGP2-ZTGG?from=lynx1UIV8&treeref=GS5W-PT4  The Daily Phoenix, 7 Oct. 1865 William Irwin/Erwin was born in Roscommon, Ireland about 1818. He was a schoolmaster. The 1850 U.S. Federal Census recorded him in the town of Greenville. Amelia Reinhardt (his wife) with sons Thomas (age 4), William (born 1850) and daughter Catherine (age 2) were also in his household as were James Bradshaw, a student born in Ireland and John Bradshaw, born in New Jersey.
At that time he enslaved a 52 year old man and a 16 year old girl. By 1860, he was living in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was recorded as a teacher with Real Estate of $10,000 and Personal Estate of $3,000. He enslaved two women, one aged 24 and the other aged 17. He died in Spartanburg 2 July 1893 and is buried at the Episcopal Church of the Advent in Spartanburg. Sources 1850 U.S. Federal Census, Greenville, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QN-R3Q 1850 Slave Schedule, Greenville, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWZ-9BZM 1860 U.S. Federal Census, Spartanburg, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZT6-R5B 1860 Slave Schedule, Spartanburg, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTV-CZMM 1870 U. S. Federal Census, Spartanburg, South Carolina Memorial 1893 www.findagrave.com/memorial/61353169/william-irwin According to the 1850 U.S. Federal Census, Michael O'Connor was born about 1793 in Ireland. At the time of the Census, he was living in the town of Beaufort, St Helena Parish with his South Carolina-born wife Mary, and Lawrence, Michael and Edmund (his sons?). Also present in the household were Susan Beal and Sarah Arden. Ann Connolly, aged 13, the youngest member of the household was also Irish-born. Michael O'Connor was recorded as a store-keeper with Real Estate valued at $16.000 which was far in excess of that of his neighbours. John M Verdier, a lawyer and planter had Real Estate valued at $5,000, a Methodist Clergyman, D. D. Cox had $2,500, Thomas McMillan, a baker $2,000, the Planter Edgar Fripp, $5,000, Maria Cook, a midwife, $3,200 and Elizabeth H. Thompson, $500. Michael O'Connor was also recorded in St. Helena Parish, Beaufort 1850, as the owner of 20 human beings, 6 men and boys ranging in age from 65-2 and 14 women and girls, aged 50-1. Sources 1850 U. S. Federal Census, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M8QD-XZH 1850 Slave Schedule, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort, South Carolina www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HRWH-9BW2  1850 Slave Schedule, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort, South Carolina In 1840, Michael O'Connor was living in a household in St. Helena Parish, Beaufort with 7 others and 15 enslaved people. In 1830, O'Connor was living in St. Helena Parish, Beaufort in a household with 3 others and one enslaved man. Source 1840 U.S. Federal Census, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHY1-WN6 1830 U.S. Federal Census, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHP6-1V8 Note There is a listing for a Michael O'Connor, born in Ireland, who died 5 June 1850 with a wife Mary who is buried at St. Peter's Catholic Church Cemetary, Beaufort. However the 1850 Census in Beaufort took place on 27 Nov. 1850. It is possible that the date on the headstone is inaccurate but I am unable to verify at this time. There was, however, a woman named Mary O'Connor living with a Lizzie Catherwood in Beaufort in 1860. She had Real Estate to the value of $10,000, Personal Estate of £18,500 and 13 enslaved people. There is also a tree on familysearch which identifies this Michael O'Connor as having a birthplace of Charlesville, Co. Cork but I cannot verify that either at this time. Sources Memorial 1860 U.S. Federal Census, St. Helena Parish, Beaufort www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MZTW-B9F 1860 Slave Schedule St. Helena Parish, Beaufort www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WKTF-6HT2 |
AuthorsMartine Brennan (Curator)  Enslavement to citizenship: African Americans in Irish Slaveholder records by Martine Brennan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Archives
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